Prasanna K / Treasury & balance-sheet risk

A better rate hedge.
A clearer view of the risks left behind.

A frozen historical hedge comparison, a synthetic USD benefit portfolio and an independent Excel reconciliation. Official Fed curves and SSA period mortality; research completed 19 October 2026.

The decision

Rate stability improves. Funding risk remains.

The development-selected covariance hedge has 6.50 bp final surplus RMSE versus 15.87 bp for a duration match: 59.03% lower. The paired six-month block 95% interval for the difference is [-12.34, -6.02] bp of initial liability PV.

Use the supported rate-risk candidate alongside longevity and liquidity controls. A mortality-force multiplier of 0.8 adds USD 6.95 million to the synthetic liability; rate hedging does not offset it. Under the declared 2% sale haircut, key-rate has a slightly smaller funding deficit than covariance.
Final surplus RMSE: duration hedge 15.87 basis points; key rate hedge 7.68; covariance hedge 6.50. Separate covariance stress deficits: USD 0.351 million after a 200 basis point rate fall, and USD 6.946 million at a mortality force multiplier of 0.8.
Left: historical final comparison; five-year benchmark RMSE 203.21 bp is reported in the table below. Right: separate deterministic current stresses, not probabilities or forecasts.

On narrow screens, scroll the chart horizontally. Open the full-size figure.

01 / Frozen historical evaluation

Compare the four declared hedge candidates

180 training months (2000-2014), 48 development months (2015-2018) and 84 final months (2019-2025). Covariance uses training data only, with fixed 25% diagonal shrinkage. Method selection and predictions were frozen before final scoring.

Final 84 months. All values are basis points of initial liability PV.
MethodRMSEMean surplusWorst surplusEmpirical 5th percentile

Changing the inspection portfolio does not change the frozen recommendation. No separate statistical superiority over key-rate is asserted. These reset one-month hypothetical zero-bond experiments use a pinned revised-curve vintage, not immutable point-in-time quotes or a continuous trading strategy.

02 / Fixed initial holdings

Separate rate, longevity and tail assumptions

Case date: 30 September 2026. Four 250-life cohorts receive USD 12,000 annually while alive. Base liability USD 119.38 million; duration 8.47 years; liability DV01 magnitude USD 101,157.93/bp. Every stress retains initial asset faces.

Stressed assetsNominal USD
Stressed liabilityNominal USD
Assets less liability

Mortality, curve tail and measurement limits

SSA 2023 period mortality describes the US Social Security area, not Indian annuitants or future cohort improvements. The force transformation is q*=1-(1-q)^m. The maximum paying age is 120; later benefits are zero. Curve values beyond 30 years are extrapolated assumptions. DV01 is a positive magnitude: a small positive parallel rate shift reduces liability PV. Deterministic stresses do not estimate probabilities or solvency capital.

03 / Cash-flow timing and forced sales

Inspect the ten-year liquidity ledger

The complete 4 portfolio x 3 mortality x 3 haircut x 3 cash-shift grid is retained. Zeros mature before benefits; a shortage causes pro-rata sales at initial-curve forward marks less an assumed haircut. This explorer displays saved cases; it does not interpolate or refit.

Year 10 funding surplusUSD; after forward-carried unpaid benefits
Gross sales, summed over ten yearsNominal USD flows; different dates
Assumed sale haircut lossesNominal USD flows; different dates

Annual cash and funding ledger; all amounts USD.
YearBenefits dueBenefits paidGross salesHaircut lossClosing cashRemaining assetsRemaining liabilityNet funding surplus
Funding deficit and unpaid benefits are different. All 108 declared cases pay benefits to within USD 0.01. A negative year-ten funding surplus means remaining assets are below the residual liability. Nominal haircut losses and horizon funding stocks have different valuation dates.

Download all 1,080 annual records / All 56 instantaneous and 108 runoff results

04 / Review trail

Follow the result back to its source

Controls that passed

  • 31 boundary checks for sources, timing, risk and depletion.
  • 23,714 independent Decimal comparisons, including every runoff year.
  • 22,166 workbook reconciliations; financial tolerance USD 0.0001.
  • Eight scientific outputs reproduced exactly in an isolated full run.
  • Seven-sheet workbook export, reopen and changed-input recalculation.

Boundaries retained

  • Official US sources and synthetic USD contracts.
  • Pinned 2026 historical curve vintage can contain revisions.
  • Period mortality and imposed stresses are not forecasts.
  • Historical weights and current faces are imported into the workbook, not re-optimised there.
  • Native desktop Excel and external independent replication were not tested.

Every final monthly prediction / Final metrics and interval / Full reproduction receipt / Source and public-use ledger

Pinned official source identity

The original Fed CSV is 16,657,704 bytes. All 313 required month-end curves and the current case pass the unchanged 0.02 bp reconstruction rule; two other daily rows remain explicitly quarantined. Raw bytes are preserved.

SHA256:7286435090933f0df1dcaeb15629f3a9129c083baee4c42ae5df03d0bb89335c

Federal Reserve nominal curves / SSA period mortality